QUICK FACTS

NAME

Isaac Newton

FULL NAME

Sir Isaac Newton

OCCUPATION

Philosopher, Astronomer, Physicist, Scientist, Mathematician

BIRTH DATE

January 4, 1643

DEATH DATE

March 31, 1727

EDUCATION

University of Cambridge, Trinity College, The King's School

PLACE OF BIRTH

Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England, United Kingdom

PLACE OF DEATH

London, England, United Kingdom

Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1726) Newton, Sir Isaac (1642-1727), mathematician and physicist, one of the foremost scientific intellects of all time. Born at Woolsthorpe, near Grantham in Lincolnshire, where he attended school, he entered Cambridge University in 1661; he was elected a Fellow of Trinity College in 1667, and Lucasian Professor of Mathematics in 1669. He remained at the university, lecturing in most years, until 1696. Of these Cambridge years, in which Newton was at the height of his creative power, he singled out 1665-1666 (spent largely in Lincolnshire because of plague in Cambridge) as "the prime of my age for invention". During two to three years of intense mental effort he prepared Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy) commonly known as the Principia, although this was not published until 1687.The Principia. Newton's masterpiece is divided into three books. Book I of thePrincipia begins with eight definitions and three axioms, the latter now known as Newton's laws of motion. No discussion of Newton would be complete without them: (1) Every body continues in its state of rest, or uniform motion in a straight line, unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed on it (inertia). (2) The change in motion is proportional to the motive force impressed and is made in the direction of the straight line in which that force is impressed (F = ma). (3) To every action there is always an opposed and equal reaction. Following these axioms, Newton proceeds step by step with propositions, theorems, and problems.

Early Life of Newton

Sir Isaac Newton was born on Christmas Day, in 1643, to a relatively poor farming family. His father died 3 months before he was born. His mother later remarried, but her second husband did not get on with Isaac; leading to friction between Isaac and his parents. The young Isaac attended school at King’s School, Grantham in Lincolnshire (where his signature is still inscribed in the walls.. Isaac was one of the top students, but before completing his studies his mother withdrew him from school, so Isaac could work as a farmer. It was only through the intervention of the headmaster that Isaac was able to return to finish his studies; he passed his final exams with very good results, and was able to go to Trinity College, Cambridge.

At age 12, Newton was brought together with his mom after her second spouse kicked the bucket. She brought along her three little youngsters from her second marriage. Newton had been enlisted at the King's School in Grantham, a town in Lincolnshire, where he held up with a nearby pharmacist and was acquainted with the interesting universe of science. His mom hauled him out of school, for her arrangement was to make him a rancher and have him tend the homestead. Newton bombed wretchedly, as he discovered cultivating dull. 

At the point when Newton touched base at Cambridge, the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century was at that point in full constrain. The heliocentric perspective of the universe—conjectured by space experts Nicolaus Copernicus and Johannes Kepler, and later refined by Galileo—was notable in most European scholarly circles. Savant René Descartes had started to plan another idea of nature as a perplexing, indifferent and latent machine. However, as most colleges in Europe, Cambridge was saturated with Aristotelian logic and a perspective of nature laying on a geocentric perspective of the universe, managing nature in subjective as opposed to quantitative terms. 

Amid his initial three years at Cambridge, Newton was instructed the standard educational programs yet was intrigued with the more propelled science. All his extra time was spent perusing from the advanced thinkers. The outcome was a not exactly stellar execution, however one that is justifiable, given his double course of study. It was amid this time Newton kept a moment set of notes, entitled "Quaestiones Quaedam Philosophicae" ("Certain Philosophical Questions"). The "Quaestiones" uncover that Newton had found the new idea of nature that gave the system to the Scientific Revolution. 

Despite the fact that Newton graduated without any distinctions or refinements, his endeavors won him the title of researcher and four years of budgetary support for future instruction. Lamentably, in 1665, the Great Plague that was attacking Europe had come to Cambridge, constraining the college to close. Newton returned home to seek after his private review. It was amid this 18-month rest that he considered the strategy for minuscule math, set establishments for his hypothesis of light and shading, and increased critical understanding into the laws of planetary movement—bits of knowledge that in the long run prompted to the production of his Principia in 1687. Legend has it that, right now, Newton encountered his acclaimed motivation of gravity with the falling apple. 

At the point when the risk of torment died down in 1667, Newton came back to Cambridge and was chosen a minor individual at Trinity College, as he was still not considered a champion researcher. Nonetheless, in the resulting years, his fortune moved forward. Newton got his Master of Arts degree in 1669, preceding he was 27. Amid this time, he ran over Nicholas Mercator's distributed book on strategies for managing endless arrangement. Newton rapidly composed a treatise, De Analysi, clarifying his own particular more extensive running outcomes. He imparted this to companion and coach Isaac Barrow, however did exclude his name as creator. 

In June 1669, Barrow imparted the unaccredited original copy to British mathematician John Collins. In August 1669, Barrow recognized its creator to Collins as "Mr. Newton ... extremely youthful ... in any case, of a phenomenal virtuoso and capability in these things." Newton's work was conveyed to the consideration of the science group interestingly. Without further ado a while later, Barrow surrendered his Lucasian residency at Cambridge, and Newton accepted the seat.

He soon was sent back to King's School to complete his fundamental training. Maybe detecting the young fellow's inborn scholarly capacities, his uncle, an alum of the University of Cambridge's Trinity College, induced Newton's mom to have him enter the college. Newton selected in a program like a work-study in 1661, and along these lines tended to tables and dealt with wealthier understudies' rooms. 

MOTION IN THE UNIVERSE

The prevalent misconception recounts an apple tumbling from a tree in his garden, which conveyed Newton to a comprehension of powers, especially gravity. Whether the occurrence really happened is obscure, yet students of history uncertainty the occasion — in the event that it ocurred — was the main impetus in Newton's manner of thinking. His most well known work accompanied the production of his "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica" ("Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"), by and large called Principia. In it, he decided the three laws of movement for the universe. 

The primary portrays how objects move at a similar speed unless an outside drive follows up on it. (A constrain is something that causes or changes movement.) Thus, a question sitting on a table stays on the table until a drive – the push of a hand, or gravity – follows up on it. So also, a protest goes at a similar speed unless it associates with another constrain, for example, rubbing. 

His second law of movement gave a computation to how powers interface. The constrain following up on a protest is equivalent to the question's mass circumstances the increasing speed it undegoes. 

Newton's third law expresses that for each activity in nature, there is an equivalent and inverse response. In the event that one body applies a constrain on a moment, then the second body applies a compel of a similar quality on the to start with, the other way. 

From the majority of this, Newton ascertained the all inclusive law of gravity. He found that as two bodies move more remote far from each other, the gravitational fascination between them diminishes by the converse of the square of the separation. In this way, if the s are twice as far separated, the gravitational drive is just a fourth as solid; on the off chance that they are three circumstances as far separated, it is just a ninth of its past power. 

These laws helped researchers see more about the movements of planets in the solar system, and of the moon around Earth.

ACHIEVEMENT

1. The distribution of "Principia" hoisted the notoriety of Newton in the logical hover to more prominent statures. He was broadly recognized for his disclosures which were positioned among mankind's most noteworthy accomplishments. 
2. The rising unmistakable quality and notoriety urged Newton to appreciate different circles, which made him more dynamic out in the open life. His position at Cambridge intrigued him no more as he got to be distinctly keen on different issues. Taking after this, Newton was chosen to speak to Cambridge at the Parliament. 
3. In the up and coming years, Newton extended his hover to get pally with political logicians like John Locke. While the world still was under the domain of Aristotelian reasoning and perspective of the nature, a youthful era of British researchers got to be impacted by Newton's works and considered him their pioneer. 
4. Newton confronted another mental meltdown amid this time yet recuperated from the same quite early. Notwithstanding, taking after the breakdown, Newton lost enthusiasm for logical revelations and began to enjoy his time in the investigation of speculative chemistry and prescience. 
5. In 1696, Newton was delegated to the position of Warden of the Mint. Getting the title, he moved to London to achieve this since quite a while ago sought administrative position. No longer than in 1699, he was elevated to the position of Master of the Mint. Holding the profile until his passing, Newton dealt with improving the status of money and rebuffing scissors and forgers. He even moved the coin from silver to highest quality level. 

OTHER FACTS

1. Isaac Newton was born in 1642, the same year that Galileo Galilee died.
2. The rivalry between Newton and Robert Hooke is well known and according to some sources, the hatred continued even after Hooke’s death and Newton had all portraits of Hooke destroyed.
3. One of Newton’s teeth was sold in 1816 at an auction for approximately $3,600.
4. It was Newton who first predicted that Jews will take back Israel and the prediction turned out to be absolutely correct!
5. The story that a falling apple inspired Newton to think about gravitational pull was first recorded by the French writer Voltaire.
6. When Newton was a young boy, his mother tried to pressurize him to become a farmer. However he was so bad at farming that she reluctantly sent him to college to study.
7. He was obsessed with the Bible and had calculated the date of the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ as April 3, 33 A.D. and the earliest date of the Apocalypse as 2060 A.D.
8. He had a secret interest in alchemy and desired to procure the legendary Philosopher’s Stone—he even wrote a 28 page treatise on the fabled stone.
9. A reclusive and secretive person, Isaac Newton has often been associated with various secret societies and fraternal orders throughout history.
10. Newton was eccentric by nature and once jammed a darning needle around the side of his eye. He was experimenting with properties of light and used himself as a guinea pig in order to find out whether the eyes were responsible for collecting light or creating it.

Sir Donald Bradman

1. Don hit just six sixes in his Test career, five v. England and one v. India. He also hit two fives and a staggering 618 fours in Test cricket.
2. Don Bradman’s first century (115 n.o.) was played when he was 12 ie. the 1920/21 season. The young Don was playing for Bowral School against Mittagong School. The exact date is unknown.
3. Two. The first was taken in December 1930. A West Indies player, Ivan Barrow, LBW to Bradman for 27 runs, first Test in Adelaide, second innings. The second was when he bowled Walter Hammond for 85 runs in the spiteful third Test in Adelaide, January 1933, second innings.
4. Don Bradman scored 28,067 runs in First-class cricket at an average of 95.15, with a top score of 452 not out
5. The record for the highest partnership for any wicket by Australia against all countries was established by Don Bradman and Bill Ponsford at The Oval in 1934 (451 for the second wicket)
6. Against India, Don Bradman averaged 178.75 in 6 innings. His average against all countries in 80 innings was 99.94
   In his Test career, Don Bradman scored 26% of the team’s total runs

• Highest Individual Test Batting Average (minimum 15 innings) 99.94
• Highest Test Batting Average for a 5-Test Series 201.50 (v South Africa, Australia, 1931-32)
• Equal top-scorer of triple centuries (with Lara) 2
• 5th wicket partnership (with Sid Barnes 1946-47) 405
• Only Test batsman to score more than 5,000 runs v an opponent (5,028 v England)
• 7 times scored 500 or more runs in a Test series (Equal with Lara)
• Six times scored centuries in an interval (once pre lunch, twice lunch-tea, three times tea-stumps)
• Scored the most runs in a single day’s play 309 v England, Leeds, 1930

• Knighted in 1949. The only Australian cricketer ever to receive a knighthood and the first Test cricketer so honoured.
• Received a Companion of the Order of Australia in 1979.
• Voted the greatest male athlete of the past 200 years by the Australian Confederation of Sport in 1988.
• Selected as one of only two Australians by International Who’s Who top 100 people who have done the most to shape the 20th century. The other (former) Australian selected was Rupert Murdoch
• Nominated among the Top Ten sportspeople of the 20th century by the World Confederation of Sport.
• Named Male Athlete of the Century in 1999 by the Sport Australia Hall of Fame.
  Ranked the No.1 Australian Athlete of the 20th Century by Sports Illustrated magazine.
• In 2000 he was voted the greatest cricketer of the 20th century by Wisden Cricket Almanack. This decision was unanimous amongst the 100 judges.
  Nominated captain of the Australian Cricket Team of the Century

William Henry Gates III.

• With Melinda's influence, Gates took an interest in filling his mother's role as a civic leader. He began to realize that he had an obligation to give more of his wealth to charity. Being the consummate student he was, Gates studied the philanthropic work of Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller, titans of the American industrial revolution. In 1994, Gates and his wife established the William H. Gates Foundation, which was dedicated to supporting education, world health and investment in low-income communities. In 2000, the couple combined several family foundations to form the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. They started out by making a $28 billion contribution to set up the foundation.
• Bill Gates stepped down from the day-to-day operations of Microsoft in 2000, turning over the job of CEO to college friend Steve Ballmer, who had been with Microsoft since 1980. He positioned himself as chief software architect so he could concentrate on what was for him the more passionate side of the business, though he remained chairman of the board. 
• Over the next few years, his involvement with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation occupied much of his time and even more of his interest. In 2006, Gates announced he was transitioning himself from full-time work at Microsoft to devote more quality time to the foundation. His last full day at Microsoft was June 27, 2008.
• In addition to all the accolades of being one of the richest and most successful businessmen in the history of the world, Bill Gates has also received numerous awards for philanthropic work. Time magazine named Gates one of the most influential people of the 20th century. The magazine also named Gates, his wife Melinda and rock band U2's lead singer, Bono, as the 2005 Persons of the Year.
• Gates holds several honorary doctorates from universities throughout the world and an honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire bestowed by Queen Elizabeth II in 2005. In 2006, Gates and his wife were awarded the Order of the Aztec Eagle by the Mexican government for their philanthropic work throughout the world in the areas of health and education.
• In February 2014, Gates announced that he would be stepping down as chairman of Microsoft in order to move into a new position as technology adviser. In addition to Gates's transition, it was reported that longtime Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer would be replaced by 46-year-old Satya Nadella.
• Gates continues to devote much of his time and energy to the work of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The organization tackles international and domestic issues, such as health and education. One aspect of its work in the United States is helping students become college ready. In 2015, Gates spoke out in favor of national Common Core standards in grades K through 12 and charter schools. 
• Gates also proved to be a groundbreaking employer around this time: The foundation announced that it would give its employees a year's paid leave after the birth of a child or the adoption of a child. 
• In 2016, Gates and his wife Melinda were recognized for their philanthropic work when they were named recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, presented by Barack Obama.

1. As of 2011, his fortune is worth $59 billion.
2. Gates told his university teachers he would be a millionaire by age 30. He became a billionaire at age 31.
3. Gates graduated high school in 1973 and scored 1590 of 1600 on the SAT.
4. Bill Gates was influenced by John D. Rockefeller and in 1994, he sold some of Microsoft's stocks to build the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
5. The first computer program that he wrote was a tic-tac-toe game that allowed people to play against the computer.
6. Bill Gates earns about $250 every second.